Foreign market entry and its implication (Starbucks case study) Essay

Outside market passage and its suggestion (Starbucks contextual investigation) - Essay Example Specifically, the paper sees Joint Ventures for instance of the company’s showcase section into Spain, and its promoting suggestions. By and large, the organization applies showcase section modes and promoting blend to manufacture its image claim just as make a one of a kind item advance and client devotion. These decisions have long haul suggestions in the achievement of the organization. Presentation/Company Background Starbucks Corporation is a global organization that manages espresso items, with its central station situated in Seattle Washington, America. During its initiation in 1971, the organization was a retailer and a neighborhood espresso roaster; yet it has since loosened up quickly. It has Italian-style café chain and it is the world’s biggest café organization, with nearness in excess of 60 nations and in excess of 20,000 stores (Starbucks Corporation 2011). It manages espresso beans, servings of mixed greens, hot and cold beverages, hot and cold sandwic hes, bites, cups and tumblers, and sweet baked goods. Likewise, Starbucks disperses a portion of its image through supermarkets, including espresso and dessert. Its different items incorporate markets movies, music, and books through the Hear Music and the Starbucks Entertainment division. Scores of the company’s items are either area explicit or occasional. Starbuck’s most surprising development, when it used to open new stores days on end, was during the 1990s till 2000s. The organization began setting up administers stores in 1990s; and as of now, generally third of its stores are supervises (Starbucks 2012). Market section According to Albaum and Duerr (2011), showcase technique contains a passage mode and an advertising plan. Various passage systems that an association can embrace while wandering into new markets and locales are accessible. Every system accompanies contrasting degrees of focal points, impediments, dangers and legitimate commitments (Gilligan and H ird 1986). As per Albaum and Duerr (2011), the section methodology to be received should mull over organization goals and desires as far as volume of business to be picked up. The technique ought to likewise mull over assets required to adequately execute the system and examples of contribution in different locales. Then again, political foundation, level of serious contention inside the objective market, just as nature of item to be brought into the objective market ought to be figured (Yavas, Verhage and Green 1992). Starbucks utilizes various ways to deal with showcase passage, particularly in its disguise procedure. Its entrance approach is planned for fulfilling the necessities and prerequisites of each market, trying to satisfy its conventions and societies. Directly, the organization utilizes three contrastingly passage techniques, including licenses, joint endeavors and completely claimed auxiliaries (Webster 2005). Starbucks entered Spain by consenting to joint endeavor arr angements with VIPS and El Moli Vell and in 2001. This methodology consider snappier infiltration, hazard enhancements and quicker passage into new markets. It likewise encourages the business to maintain a strategic distance from hindrances of passage. Like some other technique, this methodology has its weaknesses; which incorporate loss of the board control and absence of the capacity to recuperate capital contributed among other (Yavas, Verhage and Green 1992). Gathering VIPS is a main European retail and food administration administrator, while El Moli Vell is a retail administrator of cake shops and bistros in Barcelona region. In

The Types Of Money Used Today Economics Essay

The Types Of Money Used Today Economics Essay The sorts of cash utilized today incorporate; Coins, Paper cash, Bank drafts, Money orders, Stocks, Bonds, Treasury charges, Credit cards, ATM cards, Options, Gift testaments, Cheques,Travelers Checks and some more. Cash is changed over into two classifications, item and fiat cash. 2.2.1Commodity cash What comprises an item? A ware is commonly acknowledged, moving forward without any more explanation, as anything that can be purchased or sold. This prompts further addressing. What is the communitys present acknowledged methods for purchasing and selling? The appropriate response is,money. An item along these lines is a thing to which a cash cost can be connected and which can in this way be purchased or sold with cash. In the event that cash itself is an item, at that point cash is a thing that can be purchased or sold with cash. The above thinking not just includes an awful roundabout rationale of clarifying and characterizing something regarding itself, yet additionally prepares for a climbing endless inflationary winding (Peter Lock 2008). As indicated by Peter Lock (2008), the meaning of an item should be changed in the event that it is to be reliable and to maintain a strategic distance from all roundabout rationale. A financial ware is any attractive products or administration which has a characteristic incentive in itself and whose worth can be generally surveyed utilizing an extraneous reasonable stable non-ware cash standard and subsequently purchased and sold. As it were, a monetary item is any attractive acceptable, other than cash, which cash itself can purchase. Present day cash either as bits of plastic or paper, or as numbers in records and PC recollections, has no characteristic incentive in itself. Its solitary worth is its otherness. It performs a significant help in the commercial center by estimating the estimation of every other great and benefits and encouraging their trade. The mentality of cash as a bargaining gadget ought not be remembered for or mistaken for the outlook for its utilization as an item. Their motivations and capacities are self-conflicting, being oppositely inverse. The previous exists as a stable extraneous proportion of worth for a network all in all to utilize. The last as a shaky inborn proportion of commercial center buying power for people to maltreatment in their misuse of the entire worldwide network for their very own glorification and exercise of usurped power (Peter Lock, 2008). As indicated by Peter Lock (2008), as long as cash is treated as an item, vulnerability and weakness must outcome. It's anything but an issue of discarding the good along with the bad. It is basically a test to devise a framework whereby the rich very much took care of haves can keep their fat portion of humanitys region cake and simultaneously let the poor hungry those who lack wealth eat an equitable and sensible meager cut of it also. Cash as an item just exists for the individual benefit and expanding riches and influence of those who are well off: a portion of the rich get more extravagant, all the poor get more unfortunate. In a financial framework where cash is self-self working in positive input as a product, the malevolent treatment allotted to those who lack wealth who establish most by far of the network turns out to be increasingly insensitive. The term ware cash can be given to the sort of cash that is simultaneously a business product. Product cash has an inborn worth and that implies it is viewed as worth something in its own privilege instead of essentially being a token of budgetary worth, for example, a banknote. The product itself comprises the cash, and the cash is the item. The most popular type of ware cash is gold or silver coins, however any ware can satisfy this job. The ware itself; since more is being delivered and less being utilized for non-money related purposes, the assets gave to extra creation and the advantages sworn off must be considered the cost of the framework. Instances of products that have been utilized as vehicle of trade incorporate gold, silver, copper, salt, peppercorns, huge stones, shells, liquor, grain and cigarettes, just to feature a couple. These things were in some cases utilized in a measurement of saw an incentive related to each other, in different product valuation or Price Syste m economies With an item cash adjusts is a piece of the business sectors for merchandise and ventures. Utilization of product cash is more the equivalent with deal framework. The utilization of shells or ivory was about general before people found how to function with valuable metals; in China, Africa, and numerous different regions, utilization of cowrie shells was normal. Generally, a wide range of metals have been utilized as standard cash: iron in old Sparta, tin in old Syracuse and presumably additionally in early Egypt, copper in early Palestine and in early Rome, and metal up to this point in numerous pieces of China. In present day times, in any case, monometallism has been founded generally on the alleged valuable metals, silver and gold, with an expanding dominance of gold since the last piece of the only remaining century. Truly, the most grounded and most stable monetary standards were those supported by gold and silver. It was this gold/silver support that gave the cash its characteristic worth. Much of the time, a countrys money was really gold or silver coins. Gold and silver have consistently been an all inclusive type of cash and proportion of riches giving security in an in any case flimsy world (Tony DiCicco, 2002). An item cash can offer ascent to a lot of value precariousness if either there are enormous changes in the flexibly of the ware or if there are huge changes in the non-money related utilization of the product. A case of an item cash that offered ascend to value changes is the cigarette money utilized in POW camps in the Second World War. The cost of merchandise as far as cigarettes relied upon the general accessibility of cigarettes and products. In the event that no cigarettes were gotten in the camp for quite a while, the gracefully of them would reduce (in light of the fact that detainees would utilize them as items: they would smoke them) and their worth would rise. An ascent in the estimation of cigarettes implied that cigarettes purchased more, or that costs fell. At the point when a shipment of cigarettes would show up, their expanded accessibility would make their worth drop, which implied costs would rise. Its expressed that the unpredictable conveyance of cigarettes and the subsequent influxes of expansion and collapse were a significant issue in the scaled down economy of the POW (camphttp://ingrimayne.com/econ/Money/Commodities.html). Homesteaders frequently turned to the utilization of product cash, where a colonys head ware would course as a vehicle of trade. The Massachusetts Bay Colony utilized corn and beaver skins as its mechanism of trade. In the Southern states, it was tobacco and rice; and all through a large portion of the settlements, creature skins, corn, powder and weapon shot, and domesticated animals were regularly utilized. Since the market estimation of ware cash was controlled by flexibly and request, its incentive as cash frequently diminished when there was an over gracefully in the commercial center. Furthermore, ware cash needed uniform quality, and was inclined to waste, hard to move, and expensive to store (http://www.bos.frb.org/training/bars/historyo.pdf ). pictures beneath shows instances of item cash that where utilized: Gold Silver Shells Barley 2.2.2Fiat cash The cash we as a whole use today is lawful delicate for assessments and obligations. It has no inborn worth, it isn't convertible and it isn't oppressively forced on all exchanges. This cash fiat cash was conceived in Massachusetts in 1690. History specialists have guaranteed that it was a basic wartime replacement of fiat cash for specie, as has happened ordinarily from that point forward, yet this view is chronologically misguided. Later governments gained from Massachusetts that fiat cash is a decent wartime crisis, however for Massachusetts this was not an undeniable thought (Dror Goldberg). Dror Goldberg makes reference to that Massachusetts needed to give cash to placate mutinous soldiers who returned vanquished from war. Notwithstanding, officially giving cash, and support it with land (as was then norm), would have been lethal for the since quite a while ago run autonomy of the settlement. Massachusetts had lost its contract in 1684, somewhat on the grounds that it stamped its own coins (an infringement of the imperial coinage right). In addition, all the colonys land was incidentally viewed as the rulers land from 1687-1691. In 1690, when Massachusetts needed to give cash, its specialists were campaigning for another sanction in London. It couldn't bear to disturb the ruler by damaging his coinage privilege again and backing cash with his territory. The arrangement was to give IOUs, as any English subject was permitted to do, not back it with land, and not drive it on exchange. Like any IOU backer the province could counterbalance its credits with it, in particular creation it legitimate delicate for charges. It was likewise made viably lawful delicate for obligations in a detailed, deceptive way. The result was fiat cash (Dror Goldberg). The Massachusetts Bay Colony gave in 1776. The advancement of product cash into paper in America Paper cash previously showed up in America in the late seventeenth century. In 1690, the administration of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, with an end goal to build government spending while at the same time dodging the disagreeable demonstration of raising duties, started printing paper cash to pay for its costs. To persuade the Massachusetts Bay settlers to acknowledge the paper as installment, the administration vowed to recover the paper in gold and silver currency gathered in charges sometime in the future. It likewise vowed to never print paper cash again. While the two guarantees were immediately broken by the administration, is fascinating to see that, once more, what made individuals start tolerating paper cash as installment for products and ventures, is the understanding that the cash could at last be reclaimed for unmistakable riches as the item cash being used at that point (Chris Lind). The photos beneath is a case of fiat cash: Central bank Note 1941 Central bank Note 1950 The development of ware cash into paper in Ch

What One Should not Do While in Morocco

What One Should not Do While in Morocco Things to Keep in Mind: Being a Tourist in Morocco Home›Informative Posts›Things to Keep in Mind: Being a Tourist in Morocco Informative PostsWhile Morocco is definitely an awesome place to enjoy your leisure time as a tourist!There are some things, which are not to be done by tourists in this country. Let me guide you through the most essential ones!Never Show Even a Slightest Disrespectfor IslamRemember that 90% of the population in the target country recognize Islam. Moreover, it is Morocco’s state religion which requires ultimate respect and adhering to its major requirements. You are a guest here, so do not offend locals. Actually, Morocco is among the most liberal and easygoing countries in the Islamic world, but the more you are welcome here, the more respect and appropriateness of your behavior is expected. If you are curious about Islam â€" ask, but never share questionable and controversial opinions on the subject. Do not enter certain areas (there are mosques and sh rines, which are not to be entered by non-Muslims), dress reasonably modest, in accordance with local customs, and mind your opinion on Islam and its heritage in the modern world.Disrespect for the Monarchy is Also OffensiveWell, evident and rude disrespect can do even more harm than offending the locals â€" the sentence up to three years in jail may be the final outcome. Defacing anything that encompasses the king’s image is also forbidden.  Respect both Moroccan religion and laws  for a trouble-free trip.Pick the Right Hand for EatingMeals in Morocco also require following certain traditions. For instance, the prevailing majority of food should be eaten with hands. Here, you should be careful and use only your right hand for eating the food. The reason is that the left hand is positioned as unclean in Morocco, since they use it to clean with after going to the WC. Well, it is not a sin or a criminal act, but a certain unaccepted gesture.Leave Your Beachwear on the BeachThis aspe ct refers to the aforementioned respect for Islam, but cannot be emphasized strong enough: dressing rules are fairly conservative in Morocco even nowadays. Beachwear is absolutely inappropriate for a visit to Morocco regardless the hot temperatures. All your awesome bikinis and bathing suits are for the beach only, and hotels, cafes or restaurants are no exception.Well, apart from strict rules and things never to do in Morocco, there is also much fun, so make sure you:Explore more than just Marrakesh! Essaouria, Ouzoud Waterfalls, Ouarzazate, and the Ourika Valley are other hot spots in the area.Taste their famous mint tea! It is a national drink as couscous is a national dish.Try haggling in the souks, traditional markets in Morocco.Let these tips guide you in this exotic country so that you enjoy it as much as possible.

The Photoelectric Effect Essay - 1436 Words

Introduction The Quantum Theory was the second of two theories which drastically changed the way we look at our physical world today, the first being Einstein’s Theory of Relativity. Although both theories revolutionized the world of physics, the Quantum Theory required a period of over three decades to develop, while the Special Theory of Relativity was created in a single year. The development of the Quantum Theory began in 1887 when a German physicist, Heinrich Hertz, was testing Maxwell’s Theory of Electromagnetic Waves. Hertz discovered that ultraviolet light discharged certain electrically charged metallic plates, a phenomenon that could not be explained by Maxwell’s Wave Theory. In order to explain this phenomenon termed the†¦show more content†¦The threshold frequency varies with each metal. When the sodium plate was exposed to high frequency light, electrons were emitted and were attracted to the positive terminal, causing a flow of current. However, when a low frequency light was used no electrons were emitted and therefore there was no current. Observations of the Photoelectric Effect 1. Current flows as soon as the negative terminal is illuminated. 2. High frequency light causes electrons to be emitted from the sodium, however, a lower frequency light does not. 3. The energy of the emitted electrons does not depend upon the intensity (brightness) of the light, it is dependent on the frequency of the light. A higher frequency of light causes higher energy electrons. 4. The amount of current that flows is dependent upon the intensity (brightness) of the light. Prior to the 1900’s light was considered to be wave-like in nature. This was due to the success of Maxwell’s Electromagnetic Theory. However, much of the phenomenon observed during the photoelectric effect was in contradiction to the Wave Theory of Light. For instance, the energy contained in electromagnetic waves, and the amount of energy that would strike a sodium electron can be calculated. Such a calculation shows that an electron could indeed gain enough energy to be liberated from the sodium, but only after the sodium had beenShow MoreRelatedContents Introduction: 2 What is the photoelectric effect? 2 Origin of the photoelectric1000 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: 2 What is the photoelectric effect? 2 Origin of the photoelectric effect: 3 5 Modern day applications of the photoelectric effect: 5 Bibliography: 6 Contributors: 6 â€Æ' On how the photoelectric effect affects our daily lives Christiaan Myburgh Elmar Roux Tijmen van der Steenhoven Introduction: The photoelectric effect has a big effect on our daily lives. It is used in several important technological devices, like solar panels and anti-burglary sensors. 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Analyzing the Iconic Image of Che Guevara - 1913 Words

It is hard to travel anywhere in the world without seeing somewhere the iconic image of Che Guevara on a T-Shirt, souvenir, or poster. The original photographer, and the Irish artist who turned that photograph into a print, are virtually unknown. However, their image has been redistributed to the point where it can effectively be called an icon or a meme. There is no small amount of irony in the fact that an icon of communism has become an emblem of capitalism: as the image has been bought and sold countless times in countless countries around the world. The iconic image of Che Guevara has a hipster chic to it, but also political panache. To don the Che Guevara image means one does not agree with the establishment and is part of the 99%. However, Che Guevara is a controversial figure too. The image has been banned in some parts of the world, because Che was a radical revolutionary who was not against the use of armed uprisings in communist revolts. Therefore, the iconic Che Guevara i mage created first in Cuba and turned into pop art by an Irishman is a paradoxical and typically postmodern cultural meme. The Che Guevara iconic image represents an exact moment in history that is distinct and important. The most specific moment in time the iconic image represents was the second Alberto Kordas shutter snapped and he took the photograph for a local Havana newspaper in 1960; he was covering a mass funeral ¦held by Fidel Castro for a group of Cubans killed in the explosion of

Challenges of the 21st Century and Pakistan Free Essays

CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY AND PAKISTAN Dancing around the fire is not the solution to any problem. One should try to see beneath the surface in order to grasp an idea about the basic issue. Despite a stream of stung words and announcements made by the previous governments of Pakistan, there is a woeful neglect in accepting the challenges of the present millennium rather the situation has taken a quantum leap for the worse. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges of the 21st Century and Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand there are the most exciting times in the perspective of progress ever observed in the recorded history of mankind. All countries of the world are making the progress in almost all aspects of life. These countries are working hard to face the challenges of 21st century. The world in which we are living has become the world of information and technology. The old concept of ruling the world with power has completely changed by the disintegration of soviet union in the last decade of the previous century. The progress speeds of many countries are remarkable. China got independence two years after Pakistan but it has increased its speed of development up to a great extent. Today china is enjoying the status of world’s second fastest growing economy post Mayo, china has established an all time global record in doubling its per capita income between 1977 and 1987. According to a world Bank purchasing power parity (ppp) china has a GDP of just under $3. 0 trillions which is second largest after united states of America. If one accepts the projections of a Rand study of 1995 china will become world’s largest economy by 2010 with GDP of $11. 3 trillions. China has managed to get a complete control over the markets of many countries. Its trade abilities have captured a great foreign exchange reserve. Now china has entered in the making of such a car which may be considered very well prepared country to face the challenging environment of new millennium. It can also be said that today no effort to regulate global trade can be succeeded if china is not part of decreased exchange risk premium in interest rates and has increased investment demands. The echo of single currency swept across the world with free trade zones. Due to this wonderful success of Euro, many countries have inspired nd they also started their ball rolling in the same direction. In Holland the Dutch people have innovated such a food for the cattle which helps the cattle to grow at a very fast rate. The cattle is very important for Holland as it enjoys a great position in the export of best quality milk, butter and meat. This earns a great amount of foreign exchange for Holland. The Dutch people have also worked successfully on a particular televi sion which also provides all the facilities of a computer as well. These examples show that the Dutch people are very well prepared to face the challenges of the present millennium. The world has become a global village. The distances have been reduced up to an appreciable extent. In America the people have started a new practice. The high officials do not go to the offices. They control majority of their official matters through computers. This helps them a lot in saving their precious times which they would have wasted in travelling. The countries like Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam are working very hard. This hard work has enabled them to face the challenges of current millennium in a very dignified way. These countries have made development up to this extent that it has become a far cry for Pakistan to assimilate whit their stands. Korea has also attained a significant position in the exporters of cars and other vehicles. In 1960’s Malaysian economy was very poor but through hard work they have strengthened their economy up to a great extent. The Malayan television and other electronic instruments have really captured the markets of many countries. These countries have achieved this position of stabilization through their appropriate economic strategies, good educational policies, sprit of patriotism and excellent foreign policies. The rate of progress in order to face the challenges of new century is also very high in India as compared to Pakistan. The Indian people have really done wonders in the field of information technology. The Indian software engineers have achieved remarkable successes. They have made exceptional innovations in this field. Indian government has provided all the possible support to their people. They have established a silicon Valley in Madras for this purpose. Through the export of software programs India is earning a great deal of foreign exchange which has played a vital role in reducing the economic distress in India. The Indian economy has become very strong. India has also been benefited from the female employment ratio in the country. The women are also working with the men in almost all the professions. The world has made progress in many fields at a massive rate. In the above mentioned facts and development made by the various countries, it can he easily analyzed that where do Pakistan stand? How Pakistan has prepared itself to face the challenges of the newly started millennium? Some efforts were also made in Pakistan to made some progress in the last decade of the previous century but those could not become result oriented due to self-centered access and sift handed complements from the advisors of the rules. The continuous change in the leadership of the country proved very harmful for the growth in all the fields. In the beginning of 1990’s the government of Nawaz Sharif took some steps in order to improve the infra structure of the country. He established the Motorway project in collaboration with the Daewoo company in order to improve the means of communication. He also facilitated the people of Narwhal with a new telephone exchange He also tried to introduce a self employment scheme in the form of â€Å"Yellow cab† in which the taxi cars were provided to the educated youngsters on very easy and affordable installments. The purpose was to enhance the employment ratio in the country but this scheme also met the failure because many of his party members utilized this scheme for their own benefit. In 1930 when Mrs. Benazir Bhutto got the rule, she started a welfare program me for general masses under the name of peoples programmed which act rally proved worthless for the people as many politicians started personal aggrandizement through this programmed. They got heavy funds which were never used for the welfare of the people. They got heavy funds which were never used for the welfare of the people. Similar nothing valuable could be done in the next turn of Nawaz Sharif. The rolling substitution of governments in the last decade proved as main obstacle in the way of progress of our country. In 1999 during the argil episode Pakistan clearly witnessed that no country was ready to support it Even our closest friend china refused to helps . This shows the failure of foreign policy. So Pakistan needs to reform its foreign policy on the following three grounds i. e. power, wealth and status. Power means the capacity of Islamabad to influence the policies of super powers towards Pakistan. Wealth means to increase the foreign exchange reserves of Pakistan . For this purpose the exports should be increased by raising the standards of our products. Status means to get a prestigious position for people of Pakistan in the world. One more important sector which needs a great attention is the infra structure. The unemployment has increased by leaps and bounds. It should be considered very seriously . The deserving and educated candidates don’t get the proper jobs. Instead of deserving candidate don’t get the proper jobs. Instead of deserving candidates there is often a square peg in the round hole which frustrates the deserving youngsters. This frustration gives rise to the crime rate in the country. So the merit system should be improved. So far all the efforts to stabilize the economy and infrastructure have proved to flog a dead horse. Pakistan also needs to improve the health facilities. The efforts made in this regard are not more than a drop in the ocean. So conclude in this way that in spite of all those obstacles and slow growth rate of progress. One may hope that the time will be changed. According to the policies made by the Musharraf government it can be considered that now the time is not far when Pakistan will bear the palm. Now the time has come that if we want Pakistan to rise up to that extent which was dreamt by Quaid-e AZ am, then every Pakistani will have to work up to his entire ability and diligence. How to cite Challenges of the 21st Century and Pakistan, Essay examples

No Exit By Jean-Paul Sartre Essays - Ontology, Modernism

No Exit By Jean-Paul Sartre No Exit By Jean-Paul Sartre Sartre's most popular play is undoubtedly the one-act drama No Exit, which is a discussion of such familiar negative existentialist themes as bad faith, self-destruction, and the impossibility of interpersonal relationships. It is in this play that Sartre's famous line, Hell is other people, occurs. Although many nineteenth century philosophers developed the concepts of existentialism, it was Sartre who popularized it. His one act play, Huis Clos (Closed Doors) or No Exit, first produced in Paris in May, 1944, is the clearest example and metaphor for this philosophy. There are only four characters: the Valet, Garcin, Estelle, and Inez and the entire play takes place in a drawing room, Second Empire style, with a massive bronze ornament on the mantelpiece. Sartre begins his philosophy with the assertion that existence precedes essence. It contains three basic ideas: 1. L'?tre-en-soi (Being-in-itself), 2. L'?tre pour-soi (Being-for-itself), 3. L'?tre-pour-autrui (Being-for-others). Existence is the process wherein a thing becomes what it will be. It is through the process of existence that a person defines himself. Humans are condemned to be free that is, without the existence of an absolute god or a pre-existing universal definition, they are free to define themselves through their actions and choices. Such freedom, which is at the heart of human existence carries with it the burden of personal responsibility, because of this Sartre refers to it as a condemnation. Freedom is not freedom from, but is, freedom for. Existence is a process of becoming that projects into the future. One's existence is always a projection of possibilities to choose from. Thus, freedom is always a projection of future possibilities for possible action. Nothin gness lies at the heart of being and creates a yearning for fulfillment, nothingness is the origin of freedom and the origin of human existence. The lack of a pre-determined essence is the nothingness at the heart of being that drives the human to seek to define himself, such drive for the fulfillment of definition being the motor within existence. Man defines himself by the choices he has made. As there is no pre-determined essence every act of projection and choice is a defining and hence, essential, act. The responsibility for one's being and definition are one's responsibility. To be is to be responsible for what one is. This is the them of No Exit. Book Reports